We have already talked about osteoarthritis in our blog before, and in particular in osteoarthritis in dogs and in which breeds it is most common. In this guide we are going to provide certain strategies and tips to improve the lives of those dogs that suffer from this degenerative disease. We must first understand what it is, how to detect it and how to relieve and improve the lives of our best furry friends.
Understanding Osteoarthritis in Dogs
What is Osteoarthritis?
First of all, we need to remember what osteoarthritis is, which is a condition in which the cartilage that lines the joints wears away over time, causing friction between the bones and, as a result, pain and inflammation. As the disease progresses, joint mobility decreases and stiffness occurs, limiting the dog’s ability to move comfortably.
Causes of Osteoarthritis
- Aging: The natural wear and tear on the joints as dogs age is one of the most common causes of osteoarthritis.
- Lesions: Joint injuries, such as sprains or fractures, can accelerate the development of osteoarthritis.
- Obesity: Excess weight puts extra pressure on the joints, increasing the risk of developing osteoarthritis.
- Hip and Elbow Dysplasia: These congenital conditions significantly increase the likelihood of osteoarthritis in dogs.
- Genetic Problems: Some breeds are more likely to develop osteoarthritis due to genetic predispositions.
Signs of Osteoarthritis in Dogs
Identifying osteoarthritis in its early stages can help you begin treatment before symptoms become severe. Some common signs of osteoarthritis in dogs include:
- Stiffness when standing up: Especially after resting or sleeping.
- Limping: It can be constant or appear after physical activities.
- Difficulty climbing stairs or jumping: This can be an early sign of joint pain.
- Behavioral changes: Chronic pain can cause dogs to become less active, irritable, or even aggressive.
- Loss of muscle mass: Due to lack of exercise, especially in the hind legs.
- Joint swelling: It may be visible in more advanced cases.
Weight Management
Importance of Weight Management
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for dogs with osteoarthritis. Excess weight increases pressure on the joints, which can exacerbate pain and inflammation. A dog with an adequate weight will experience less stress on their joints, which can slow down the progression of osteoarthritis.
Weight Management Strategies
- Balanced Diet: Consult with your veterinarian to choose a low-calorie, nutrient-dense diet that will help keep your dog’s weight under control.
- Controlled Portions: Avoid overfeeding your dog and keep food portions according to their activity level and calorie needs.
- Avoiding Food Bribes: Limit treats and consider healthy alternatives such as carrots or apples in small amounts.
Regular and Controlled Exercise
Proper Exercise
Regular exercise is critical to keeping joints mobile and muscles strong, which can help support affected joints. However, it’s important to find a balance to avoid putting extra pressure on your joints.
Types of Exercise
- Short and Frequent Walks: Instead of long walks, opt for shorter walks several times a day to avoid fatigue.
- Swim: Swimming is an excellent form of exercise for dogs with osteoarthritis, as it is low-impact and strengthens muscles without putting pressure on the joints.
- Flexibility Exercises: Gentle stretches and controlled movements can help maintain flexibility in the joints.
Supplements & Medications
Nutritional Supplements
There are several supplements that can help maintain joint health and relieve the symptoms of osteoarthritis in dogs. Some of the most common include:
- Glucosamine and Chondroitin: They help maintain the integrity of cartilage and reduce inflammation in the joints.
- Omega-3 fatty acids: They have anti-inflammatory properties and can help reduce joint pain.
- Chondroitin Sulfate: It promotes the elasticity of cartilage and can slow down joint degeneration.
- Hydrolyzed Collagen: It supports the structure of cartilage and can improve joint health.
Medications for Osteoarthritis
In more advanced cases, your veterinarian may prescribe medication to relieve pain and inflammation:
- Antiinflammatory: They are effective in reducing pain and inflammation, but should be used under the supervision of a veterinarian due to potential side effects.
- Analgesics: In some cases, specific painkillers may be prescribed for chronic pain.
- Chondroprotectors: Medications designed to protect cartilage and improve joint function.
More and more veterinarians are choosing to recommend CBD oils for dogs to their patients. Consult your veterinarian about this option.
Complementary Therapies
Physiotherapy
Physiotherapy is an excellent option for dogs with osteoarthritis. A veterinary physical therapist can develop a specific exercise program to improve mobility and strengthen the muscles around the affected joints.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture has been shown to be effective in relieving pain and improving mobility in dogs with osteoarthritis. Regular sessions can help reduce dependence on medications and improve your dog’s quality of life.
Laser Therapy
Low-level laser therapy is another option that can help reduce inflammation and pain in the affected joints. This therapy is non-invasive and can complement other treatments.
Home Modifications
Adjustments in the Environment
Making some changes to your dog’s environment can make daily life easier and reduce stress on their joints.
- Access Routes: Consider installing ramps to help your dog go up and down stairs or to get in and out of the car.
- Non-slip surfaces: Place non-slip rugs or mats in areas where your dog walks frequently to prevent slips and falls.
- Orthopedic Beds: Provide an orthopedic dog bed that offers additional support to the joints.
Avoid unnecessary efforts
- Avoid high jumps: Don’t allow your dog to jump from high surfaces, such as furniture, as this can increase pressure on their joints.
- Game Control: Limit games that involve excessive running or jumping, especially on hard surfaces.
Regular Check-up with the Veterinarian
Health Assessments
It’s critical to take your dog in for regular checkups with your vet to monitor the progression of osteoarthritis and adjust treatment as needed.
Treatment Adjustments
Treatment for osteoarthritis may need to be adjusted over time, depending on your dog’s response. This could include changes in medications, introducing new therapies, or modifying the exercise plan.
Bibliography and Sources
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Clements, D. N., Carter, S. D., Innes, J. F., & Ollier, W. E. (2006). “Genetic basis of secondary osteoarthritis in dogs with joint dysplasia.” American Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(5), 909-918.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16649929/ -
Comhaire, F. H., & Snaps, F. (2008). “Comparison of dietary supplementation with chondroitin sulphate, glucosamine sulphate and the combination of both substances for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis.” The Veterinary Record, 162(13), 427-431.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9929184/ -
Kapatkin, A. S., Arbittier, G., Mayhew, P. D., Garcia-Nolen, T., & Stover, S. M. (2006). “Risk factors for development of hip dysplasia in dogs.” Veterinary Surgery, 35(5), 467-474.
Link: https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/206/5/javma.1995.206.05.642.xml
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