Anyone who knows a little and is interested in the cannabis world has to know what terpenes are and what benefits they bring to the cannabis sativa plant.
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are aromatic organic compounds present in a wide variety of plants, including cannabis. They are responsible for the unique aromas of each strain, as well as influencing the overall cannabis experience depending on whether they are sativa, indica , or hybrid varieties.
Chemically, terpenes are derived from mevalonic acid, although they are made up of isoprene units, a hydrocarbon of five carbon atoms. When chemically modified, for example by oxidation, they are converted into terpenoids, a class of compounds known for applications such as retinol, a key ingredient in anti-aging cosmetics.
This combination of chemical and sensory functions makes terpenes an essential element in understanding both the aroma and the unique effects of each cannabis plant.
Terpene Classification: A Closer Look
Terpenes are classified according to the number of isoprene units in their structure. This chemical diversity is what gives rise to its multiple properties. Below is a table with the main categories:
| Isoprene Units | Common Example |
|---|---|
| 2 | Limonene, Myrcene |
| 3 | Caryophyllene |
| 4 | Taxol |
| 6 | Saponins |
What is the purpose of terpenes?
Terpenes play an essential role in plants, acting not only as responsible for their color and aroma, but also as a natural defense system against various external factors. These versatile molecules play a key role in the protection and survival of plants, standing out for two main objectives:
-
Defense against pests and insects:
They act as natural repellents by producing bitter compounds that deter predators such as insects and herbivorous animals. In addition, some terpenes attract beneficial pollinators, such as bees, to promote reproduction. -
Heat protection:
When temperatures rise, plants synthesize more terpenes, which when evaporated generate air currents that cool the surface and prevent desiccation.
The most common terpenes and their characteristics
Each terpene has a unique profile that not only defines its aroma, but also its potential benefits. The table below summarizes some of the most common terpenes in cannabis:
| Terpene | Aroma |
|---|---|
| Earthy and musky | myrcene |
| Limonene | Citrus and fresh |
| Pinene | Pine and fresh |
| Linalool | Floral & Sweet |
| Caryophyllene | Spicy and earthy |
Terpenes in Indicas: A Relaxation Experience
Indica strains often contain terpenes such as myrcene, linalool, and caryophyllene, which are linked to relaxing aromas. These properties make indicas popular for nighttime aromatherapy, helping to reduce stress and help you fall asleep.
Terpenes in Sativas: Energy and Creativity
On the other hand, sativa strains are often associated with terpenes such as limonene and pinene, which are associated with energizing and uplifting aromas. These strains are ideal for daytime moments or creative activities.
CBD Flowers and Oils
CBD flowers and high-quality cannabis oils contain terpenes, essential compounds that not only provide aroma, but also ensure maximum purity and effectiveness of the product. As they come from the Cannabis sativa plant, terpenes act as a natural shield that protects against pests, fungi and other external factors, thus preserving all the properties of CBD. Both our CBD flowers and oils are carefully selected to ensure a superior experience backed by terpene science.
Bibliography and Digital Sources
- Russo, E. B. (2011). Taming THC: potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects. British Journal of Pharmacology, 163(7), 1344–1364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x
- Ab Hanna (2018) What are Terpenes. https://hightimes.com/guides/what-are-terpenes/
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